Text-to-image

Building a text-to-image model with SDXL

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In this example, we go through a Truss that serves a text-to-image model. We use SDXL 1.0, which is one of the highest performing text-to-image models out there today.

Set up imports and torch settings

In this example, we use the Huggingface diffusers library to build our text-to-image model.

model/model.py

import base64
import time
from io import BytesIO
from typing import Any

import torch
from diffusers import AutoencoderKL, DiffusionPipeline, DPMSolverMultistepScheduler
from PIL import Image

The following line is needed to enable TF32 on NVIDIA GPUs

model/model.py

torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True

Define the Model class and load function

In the load function of the Truss, we implement logic involved in downloading and setting up the model. For this model, we use the DiffusionPipeline class in diffusers to instantiate our SDXL pipeline, and configure a number of relevant parameters.

See the diffusers docs for details on all of these parameters.

model/model.py

class Model:
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self._model = None

    def load(self):
        vae = AutoencoderKL.from_pretrained(
            "madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix", torch_dtype=torch.float16
        )
        self.pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
            "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
            vae=vae,
            torch_dtype=torch.float16,
            variant="fp16",
            use_safetensors=True,
        )

        self.pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
        self.pipe.to("cuda")
        self.pipe.enable_xformers_memory_efficient_attention()

        self.refiner = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
            "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-refiner-1.0",
            text_encoder_2=self.pipe.text_encoder_2,
            vae=self.pipe.vae,
            torch_dtype=torch.float16,
            use_safetensors=True,
            variant="fp16",
        )
        self.refiner.to("cuda")
        self.refiner.enable_xformers_memory_efficient_attention()

This is a utility function for converting PIL image to base64.

model/model.py

    def convert_to_b64(self, image: Image) -> str:
        buffered = BytesIO()
        image.save(buffered, format="JPEG")
        img_b64 = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode("utf-8")
        return img_b64

Define the predict function

The predict function contains the actual inference logic. The steps here are:

• Setting up the generation params. We have defaults for these, and some, such as the scheduler, are somewhat complicated
• Running the Diffusion Pipeline
• If use_refiner is set to True, we run the refiner model on the output
• Convert the resulting image to base64 and return it

model/model.py

    def predict(self, model_input: Any) -> Any:
        prompt = model_input.pop("prompt")
        negative_prompt = model_input.pop("negative_prompt", None)
        use_refiner = model_input.pop("use_refiner", True)
        num_inference_steps = model_input.pop("num_inference_steps", 30)
        denoising_frac = model_input.pop("denoising_frac", 0.8)
        end_cfg_frac = model_input.pop("end_cfg_frac", 0.4)
        guidance_scale = model_input.pop("guidance_scale", 7.5)
        seed = model_input.pop("seed", None)

        scheduler = model_input.pop(
            "scheduler", None
        )  # Default: EulerDiscreteScheduler (works pretty well)

Set the scheduler based on the user’s input. See possible schedulers: https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/api/schedulers/overview for what the tradeoffs are.

model/model.py

        if scheduler == "DPM++ 2M":
            self.pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
                self.pipe.scheduler.config
            )
        elif scheduler == "DPM++ 2M Karras":
            self.pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
                self.pipe.scheduler.config, use_karras_sigmas=True
            )
        elif scheduler == "DPM++ 2M SDE Karras":
            self.pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
                self.pipe.scheduler.config,
                algorithm_type="sde-dpmsolver++",
                use_karras_sigmas=True,
            )

        generator = None
        if seed is not None:
            torch.manual_seed(seed)
            generator = [torch.Generator(device="cuda").manual_seed(seed)]

        if not use_refiner:
            denoising_frac = 1.0

        start_time = time.time()
        image = self.pipe(
            prompt=prompt,
            negative_prompt=negative_prompt,
            generator=generator,
            end_cfg=end_cfg_frac,
            num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
            denoising_end=denoising_frac,
            guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
            output_type="latent" if use_refiner else "pil",
        ).images[0]
        scheduler = self.pipe.scheduler
        if use_refiner:
            self.refiner.scheduler = scheduler
            image = self.refiner(
                prompt=prompt,
                negative_prompt=negative_prompt,
                generator=generator,
                end_cfg=end_cfg_frac,
                num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
                denoising_start=denoising_frac,
                guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
                image=image[None, :],
            ).images[0]

Convert the results to base64, and return them.

model/model.py

        b64_results = self.convert_to_b64(image)
        end_time = time.time() - start_time

        print(f"Time: {end_time:.2f} seconds")

        return {"status": "success", "data": b64_results, "time": end_time}

Setting up the config yaml

Running SDXL requires a handful of Python libraries, including diffusers, transformers, and others.

config.yaml

environment_variables: {}
external_package_dirs: []
model_metadata:
  example_model_input: {"prompt": "A tree in a field under the night sky", "use_refiner": true}
model_name: Stable Diffusion XL
python_version: py39
requirements:
- transformers==4.34.0
- accelerate==0.23.0
- safetensors==0.4.0
- git+https://github.com/basetenlabs/diffusers.git@9a353290b1497023d4745a719ec02c50f680499a
- invisible-watermark>=0.2.0
- xformers==0.0.22

Configuring resources for SDXL 1.0

Note that we need an A10G to run this model.

config.yaml

resources:
  accelerator: A10G
  cpu: 3500m
  memory: 20Gi
  use_gpu: true
secrets: {}

System Packages

Running diffusers requires ffmpeg and a couple other system packages.

config.yaml

system_packages:
- ffmpeg
- libsm6
- libxext6

Enabling Caching

SDXL is a very large model, and downloading it could take up to 10 minutes. This means that the cold start time for this model is long. We can solve that by using our build caching feature. This moves the model download to the build stage of your model— caching the model will take about 10 minutes initially but you will get ~9s cold starts subsequently.

To enable caching, add the following to the config:

model_cache:
  - repo_id: madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix
    allow_patterns:
      - config.json
      - diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors
  - repo_id: stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0
    allow_patterns:
      - "*.json"
      - "*.fp16.safetensors"
      - sd_xl_base_1.0.safetensors
  - repo_id: stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-refiner-1.0
    allow_patterns:
      - "*.json"
      - "*.fp16.safetensors"
      - sd_xl_refiner_1.0.safetensors

Deploy the model

Deploy the model like you would other Trusses, with:

$ truss push

You can then invoke the model with:

$ truss predict -d '{"prompt": "A tree in a field under the night sky", "use_refiner": true}'

model/model.py

import base64
import time
from io import BytesIO
from typing import Any

import torch
from diffusers import AutoencoderKL, DiffusionPipeline, DPMSolverMultistepScheduler
from PIL import Image

torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True

class Model:
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self._model = None

    def load(self):
        vae = AutoencoderKL.from_pretrained(
            "madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix", torch_dtype=torch.float16
        )
        self.pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
            "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
            vae=vae,
            torch_dtype=torch.float16,
            variant="fp16",
            use_safetensors=True,
        )

        self.pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
        self.pipe.to("cuda")
        self.pipe.enable_xformers_memory_efficient_attention()

        self.refiner = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
            "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-refiner-1.0",
            text_encoder_2=self.pipe.text_encoder_2,
            vae=self.pipe.vae,
            torch_dtype=torch.float16,
            use_safetensors=True,
            variant="fp16",
        )
        self.refiner.to("cuda")
        self.refiner.enable_xformers_memory_efficient_attention()

    def convert_to_b64(self, image: Image) -> str:
        buffered = BytesIO()
        image.save(buffered, format="JPEG")
        img_b64 = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode("utf-8")
        return img_b64

    def predict(self, model_input: Any) -> Any:
        prompt = model_input.pop("prompt")
        negative_prompt = model_input.pop("negative_prompt", None)
        use_refiner = model_input.pop("use_refiner", True)
        num_inference_steps = model_input.pop("num_inference_steps", 30)
        denoising_frac = model_input.pop("denoising_frac", 0.8)
        end_cfg_frac = model_input.pop("end_cfg_frac", 0.4)
        guidance_scale = model_input.pop("guidance_scale", 7.5)
        seed = model_input.pop("seed", None)

        scheduler = model_input.pop(
            "scheduler", None
        )  # Default: EulerDiscreteScheduler (works pretty well)

        if scheduler == "DPM++ 2M":
            self.pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
                self.pipe.scheduler.config
            )
        elif scheduler == "DPM++ 2M Karras":
            self.pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
                self.pipe.scheduler.config, use_karras_sigmas=True
            )
        elif scheduler == "DPM++ 2M SDE Karras":
            self.pipe.scheduler = DPMSolverMultistepScheduler.from_config(
                self.pipe.scheduler.config,
                algorithm_type="sde-dpmsolver++",
                use_karras_sigmas=True,
            )

        generator = None
        if seed is not None:
            torch.manual_seed(seed)
            generator = [torch.Generator(device="cuda").manual_seed(seed)]

        if not use_refiner:
            denoising_frac = 1.0

        start_time = time.time()
        image = self.pipe(
            prompt=prompt,
            negative_prompt=negative_prompt,
            generator=generator,
            end_cfg=end_cfg_frac,
            num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
            denoising_end=denoising_frac,
            guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
            output_type="latent" if use_refiner else "pil",
        ).images[0]
        scheduler = self.pipe.scheduler
        if use_refiner:
            self.refiner.scheduler = scheduler
            image = self.refiner(
                prompt=prompt,
                negative_prompt=negative_prompt,
                generator=generator,
                end_cfg=end_cfg_frac,
                num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
                denoising_start=denoising_frac,
                guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
                image=image[None, :],
            ).images[0]

        b64_results = self.convert_to_b64(image)
        end_time = time.time() - start_time

        print(f"Time: {end_time:.2f} seconds")

        return {"status": "success", "data": b64_results, "time": end_time}